What are VPN architectures as listed in the material?

• A. gateway-to-gateway
• B. host-to-gateway
• C. host-to-host
• D. All of the above

Answer: (D)

VPN architectures describe how virtual private networks connect and secure communication between endpoints. The material covers three common deployment patterns: gateway-to-gateway, where two VPN gateways secure a tunnel between networks (site-to-site); host-to-gateway, where individual hosts (remote users) connect through a VPN client to a centralized gateway to access the network (remote access); and host-to-host, where two endpoints establish a direct encrypted channel between hosts (peer-to-peer or client-to-client connections). Since all three patterns are listed as VPN architectures in the material, the correct choice is all of the above.