Which of the following is a security testing and evaluation program?

• A. Common Criteria evaluation by NIAP and CCEVS
• B. NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP)
• C. Both of these programs
• D. Neither program

Answer: (C)

Security testing and evaluation programs provide formal, independent verification that a product or component meets defined security requirements. The Common Criteria evaluation program (through NIAP and CCEVS) fits this by assessing IT products against standardized security targets and assurance levels, with accredited labs performing testing and NIAP/CCEVS issuing certifications. The NIST Cryptographic Module Validation Program (CMVP) is a separate program that validates cryptographic modules against FIPS 140-2/3 requirements, with labs testing module implementations and NIST providing the official validation. Because both programs involve standardized criteria, independent testing, and official validation, they are both security testing and evaluation programs.